ͼƬ dz̸ӢÓïÓïÑÔÖÐÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ_°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³Ç×îºÃÍæ-Ò»°ãÈ¥°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³ÇÍæ-welcome*

°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³Ç×îºÃÍæ-Ò»°ãÈ¥°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³ÇÍæ-welcome*

µ±Ç°Î»ÖãºÖ÷Ò³ > ±ÏÒµÂÛÎÄ > Ó¢ÓïÂÛÎÄ > ÓïÑÔÎÄ»¯ > >

dz̸ӢÓïÓïÑÔÖÐÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ

À´Ô´::δ֪ | ×÷Õß:°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³Ç×îºÃÍæ-Ò»°ãÈ¥°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³ÇÍæ-welcome* | ±¾ÎÄÒÑÓ°Ïì ÈË

ÖÐÎÄÕªÒª
ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÔÚ²»Í¬µÄÉç»áÖƶȺ͹ú¼ÒÖж¼²»Í¬³Ì¶ÈµØ´æÔÚ¡£¶ø×÷ΪһÖÖÆÕ±éµÄÉç»áÏÖÏó£¬×ÔÈ»»áÔÚÓïÑÔÖеõ½ÕÛÉä¡£±¾ÎĽéÉÜÁËÓ¢ÓïÖеÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÓïµÄÖÖÖÖ±íÏÖÐÎʽ£¬·ÖÎöÁËÕâÖÖÏÖÏó²úÉúµÄÉç»áÔ­ÒòºÍÎÄ»¯¸ùÔ´£¬²¢×ܽáÁËÔÚÓ¢ÓïÓïÑÔÔËÓùý³ÌÖÐÏû³ýÐÔ±ðÆçÊӵķ½·¨¡£
¹Ø¼ü´Ê: Ó¢ÓïÓïÑÔ£»ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ;²úÉúÔ­Òò£»Ïû³ý·½·¨

Abstract
Sex discrimination exists in all the social systems and countries, and as a common social phenomenon, it is surly reflected in language. This paper lists out different forms of sex discrimination in English, analyses the social and cultural causes of such phenomenon and summarizes the corresponding methods of eliminating sex discrimination in English speaking.
Key words: English; sex discrimination; causes; methods of eliminating


ÒýÑÔ

ÔÚÉç»áÉú»îÖУ¬ÓïÑÔ¶ÔÄÐŮһÊÓͬÈÊ£¬µ«ÓïÑÔÊÇÎÄ»¯µÄÔØÌ壬²¢ÔÚÈËÃDz»¶ÏʹÓõĹý³ÌÖÐÖ𽥵õ½·á¸»ºÍ·¢Õ¹¡£×÷Ϊһ¸öµØÇø£¬Ò»¸öÃñ×åÔ¼¶¨Ë׳ɵÄÒ»ÖÖ±í´ï·½Ê½£¬ÓïÑÔ±ØÈ»»á·´Ó³³öÒ»¶¨µÄÉç»á¼ÛÖµ¹ÛÄîºÍÃñ×å˼ά·½Ê½¡£ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÊÇÒÔÐÔ±ðΪ»ù´¡¶ø²úÉúµÄÒ»ÖÖÉç»áÆçÊÓÏÖÏ󣬫ÀÊÂüÓ¢Óï´Êµä» ¶Ô“ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ”µÄ½âÊÍÊÇ£º“ÒÔÐÔ±ðΪ»ù´¡µÄÆçÊÓ£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÄÐÐÔ¶ÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆ«¼û¡£¡¶ÃÀ¹ú´«Í³×ֵ䡷µÄ¶¨ÒåÊÇ“Ò»ÖÖÐÔ±ð³ÉÔ±¶ÔÁíÒ»ÐÔ±ð³ÉÔ±£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÄÐÐÔ¶ÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆçÊÓ”¡£ËäÈ»Ëü¿ÉÒÔ±íÏÖΪÄÐÐÔ¶ÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆçÊÓ£¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ±íÏÖΪŮÐÔ¶ÔÄÐÐÔµÄÆçÊÓ¡£µ«ÊÇ“ÐÔ±ðÆçÊӔͨ³£ÊǶÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆçÊÓ£¬ÊÇÈËÃǶÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆ«¼ûºÍÄÐÅ®Éç»áµØλ²»Æ½µÈµÄ·´Ó³¡£“Å®ÐÔ³¤ÆÚÒÔÀ´±»¿´×÷ÊÇthe weaker sex/the second sex£¬ÊÇÄÐÐÔµÄÅã³ÄºÍ¸½ÊôÆ·¡£¼´Ê¹ÔÚ±ê°ñÈËȨ£¬Æ½µÈµÄÎ÷·½·¢´ï¹ú¼ÒÖÐÒ²ÊÇÈç´Ë¡£¶øÏÖ´úŮȨÔ˶¯ºäºäÁÒÁҵķ¢Õ¹ÐÎÊÆÕýÊǶÔÕâÒ»²»Æ½µÈÏÖÏóµÄ·´¿¹ºÍ·´Ó³¡£”[1](P80)´Ó¶øÔÚÓïÑÔÖУ¬³öÏÖÁ˶àÖÖ¶àÑùµÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÓӢÓïÒ²²»ÀýÍâ¡£
Ò»¡¢ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÓïÑÔÏÖÏó
£¨Ò»£©È˼ʳÆν
    Ç×êdzÆν
ÔÚÎ÷·½£¬ÄÐÐÔÉÏ˾³ÆºôËûÃǵÄÅ®ÐÔÏÂÊôʱ¿ÉÒÔÓÃһЩ±íʾÇ×ÃܹØϵµÄêdzƣ¬Èçsugar, darling, sweetie, girlie; ·´¹ýÀ´£¬Å®ÐÔÏÂÊôÈ´²»ÄÜÓÃÕâЩêdzÆÀ´³ÆºôËýÃǵÄÉÏ˾£¬¶øÇÒÅ®ÐÔÉÏ˾Ҳ²»ÄÜÈç´ËÀ´³ÆºôËýÃǵÄÄÐÐÔÖ°Ô±£¬¿ÉÊÇ£¬Ä°ÉúÄÐ×Ó»ò·ÇÇ×ÃܹØϵµÄÄÐ×ÓÈ´¿ÉÓÃêdzÆÀ´³ÆºôÅ®×Ó£¬Õâ˵Ã÷ÔÚÓ¢ÃÀÉç»áÅ®ÐÔ±ÈÄÐÐÔÉç»áµØλµÍ£¬Êܵ½µÄ×ðÖرÈÄÐÐÔÉÙ¡£[2](P74)
ÐÕÃû³Æν
ÔÚÎ÷·½ ,Å®×Ó»éÇ°Ò»°ãÓø¸ÐÕ ,»éºó¸ÄÓÃÕÉ·òµÄÐÕ , ÀýÈç :ÔÚÎ÷·½»éÀñÉÏ ,ÐÂÀÉÐÂÄï²½Èë½ÌÌÃʱ ,ÄÁʦÐû²¼:“I now pronounce you man and wife.”“»éºóµÄÄÐ×ÓÒÀ¾ÉÊÇman ,¶ø»éºóµÄÅ®×ÓÔòÓÉMiss±ä³ÉÁËwifeÕâÖÖÏÖÏó²»·¦Å®È¨Ö÷ÒåÕߺÍÖ°Òµ¸¾Å®¡£”[2](P74) µ±Ê±µÄÃÀ¹ú×ÜͳBill ClintonµÄ·òÈËHilary RodhamonÒ²ÔÚΪ×Ô¼ºµÄ ,¼´Ö§³ÖÒÑ»éÅ®ÐÔ²»½öÓ¦µ±±ê×¢·òÐÕ ,¶øÇÒÖ»Ó¦µ±±ê×¢·òÐÕ ,¶ø²»Ó¦¼ÌÐø±ê×¢¸¸ÐÕ¡£¾¡¹ÜHilary Rodhamon±¾ÈËÊÇһλŮȨÔ˶¯Õß ,µ«Ëý»¹ÊÇ°Ñ×Ô¼ºµÄÃû×Ö¸ù¾ÝÕÉ·òºÍ×Ô¼ºµÄÕþÖÎÐèÒª, ÏÈ´ÓHilary Rodhamon¸ÄΪHilary Rodhamon Clinton, ×îºó¸ÄΪHilary Clinton¡£µ«ÊÇ, ²»¹ÜÔõô¸Ä, ¶¼²»Äܳ¬³öÈçÏÂÑ¡Ôñ: Ҫô¸ú¸¸Ç×ÐÕ, Ҫô¸úÕÉ·òÐÕ¡£ÕâÖÖÒÔÕÉ·òµÄÐÕ¹ÚÖ®ÓÚÇ°µÄ³Æºô ,±íÃ÷¸¾Å®³ö¼Þºó¾Í³ÉÁËÕÉ·òµÄ˽ÓвƲú, ÊÇÊôÓÚÕÉ·òµÄ, Òò´ËÎÞ·¨µÃµ½ÓëÕÉ·òƽµÈµÄȨÀû¡£Î´»éÅ®ÐÔÓÃMiss¹ÚÒÔ¸¸ÐÕ, ÒÑ»éµÄÓÃMrs.»òLady¹ÚÒÔÕÉ·òµÄÐÕÊÏ¡£
Ö¸´ú³Æν
1£©Ìáµ½ÄÐŮ˫·½Ê±£¬Ë«·½²»ÊÇ´¦ÓÚƽµÈµØ룬¶øÊÇÄÐÏÈÅ®ºó¡£
King and queen, brother and sister, father and mother, boys and girls, husband and wife, Adam and Eve, man and woman, Mr. Lucas and his wife Louise.
2£©. һЩÐÎʽÉÏûÓÐÄÐÐÔ±êÖ¾µÄ´ÊÒ⣬ÈËÃÇÏ°¹ßÉÏ°ÑËüÃǵ±×÷ÊÇÄÐÐÔ´Ê¿´´ý¡£
Ó¢Óï¼°ÆäËü½²Ó¢Óï¹ú¼ÒµÄÈËÏ°¹ßÈÏΪ professor, doctor, lawyer, surgeon, barrister, magistrate µÈΪÄÐÐÔ£¬µ±ÎÒÃÇÌýµ½ÓÐÈË˵£ºMy cousin is a professor ʱ£¬¶àÊýÈË»á¶Ï¶¨professorΪÄÐÐÔ¡£ÈôҪ˵Ã÷ÕâЩ´ÊÊÇÅ®ÐԵģ¬Ò»°ã¿ÉÔÚÇ°Ãæ¼ÓÉÏwoman, lady, female µÈ¡¡ÐÞÊÎÓï¡£Èç:woman professor, lady doctor, female workerµÈ£¬ÕâЩËùνµÄÖÐÐԴʵÄÓ÷¨´ÓÒ»¸ö²àÃæ·´Ó³³ö¾ÉÉç»áÖеØλ½Ï¸ßµÄְҵΪÄÐ×ÓËù¢¶Ï£¬Ïà·´µØteacher, nurse , secretary, model µÈÈËÃÇÒ»°ãÈÏΪÊÇÅ®ÐÔ£¬ÈçΪÄÐÐÔʱǰÃæÒª¼ÓÉÏmale»òÊÇman,Èç:male nurse, man teacher¡£ÕâЩϰ¹ß³ýÁËÀúÊ·ÏÖʵÇé¿öÓйأ¬Ò²¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÉç»áÆ«¼û¡£
£¨¶þ£©´ÊÓï·¢Õ¹
Ê×ÏÈ£¬±íÃæÉ϶ÔÓ¦µÄ´Ê,º¬ÒåÈ´ÍùÍù°ýÄбáÅ®ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÖÐÍùÍùͨ¹ý¶ÔÅ®ÐÔÃû´ÊµÄ¶ñ»¯À´´ïµ½ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓµÄÄ¿µÄ¡£¼¸ºõËùÓеÄÅ®ÐÔÃû´Ê¶¼´øÓбáÒå,Èçqueen, lady, mistress, madamµÈ,Æä±áÒåΪ“´Æ蔡¢“Ç鸾”¡¢ÒÔ¼°“ð±Ä¸”µÈ,¶øÓëÖ®¶ÔÓ¦µÄking, lord, master, father µÈ´Ê,È罫ËûÃǵÄÆðÊ××Öĸ´óд¼´¿ÉÉý¸ñΪ“Éϵ۔¡¢“»ù¶½”¡¢“Ö÷”¡¢“Éñ”µÈÒâÒå¡£
Æä´Î£¬Ó¢ÓïÖг£ÓÃһЩ¶¯ÎïµÄÃû³ÆÀ´Ö¸³ÆijЩŮÐÔ¡£
±ÈÈç:bat(¼ú¸¾,³ó¸¾,¼ËÅ®);dog(³ó¸¾,¼ú¸¾,ûÓгɾ͵ÄÅ®ÈË,¼ËÅ®);chicken(¼ûÃæÊìµÄÄêÇáÅ®ÈË);cat(¶ñ¸¾,°ü²Ø»öÐĵÄÅ®ÈË,¿É±°µÄÅ®ÈË);cow(×ÓÅ®¶àµÄÅ®ÈË,·ÊÅÖ¶ø²»Õû½àµÄÅ®ÈË,¾­³£»³ÔеÄÅ®ÈË,¼ËÅ®);mutton(·Åµ´µÄÅ®ÈË,×öÉÙÅ®´ò°çµÄÀϸ¾Å®,¼ËÅ®)¡£
²¢ÇÒ£¬Ó¢ÓïÖл¹ÓÐһЩ´øÓÐÇáÃïÉ«²Ê,רָÖÐÀÏÄ긾ŮµÄ´Ê»ã¡£
±ÈÈç:trot(ÀÏÌ«ÆÅ);hen(°®¹ÜÏÐÊ»ò×ìËéµÄÖÐÄ긾Ů);warhorse(´ÖÉù´óÆø,·ÊÅÖ¹ÌÖ´µÄÅ®ÈË);crone(¸É±ñÖåƤµÄÀÏÌ«ÆÅ);hag(°®×ö»µÊµÄÀϳó¸¾);witch(Àϳó¸¾);biddy(³¤É฾);harridan(ÃæÈÝ¿ÝéÂ,Æ¢Æø±©ÔêµÄÀϸ¾)¡£
£¨Èý£©ÑèÓïÔËÓÃ
ÀíÐÔÀà
Ëγ¯»ÆÁùºè¡¶¸£»ÝÈ«Ê飬ŪÃû²¿¡·ÔØ£º“¸¾ÈËË®ÐÔÑ£¬Ñɵò»ÎªËù¶¯”£¬Ú®»ÙÅ®×Ó“ÓÃÇ鲻ר”£¬“ȱ·¦ÀíÐÔ”£¬ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÖоÍÓÐÏàÀàËƵÄÑèÓï¡£
Long hair and short wit. (Í··¢³¤£¬¼ûʶ¶Ì)¡¡
When an ass climbs a ladder, we may find wisdom in women.
(ÈôҪŮ×ÓÓвÅÖÇ£¬³ý·Çë¿ÅÊÉÏÊ÷)
ÑÔ¼°Å®×Ó“¸ÐÇéÓÎÒÆ”“¶þÈýÆäµÂ”µÄÓУº
A woman’s mind and winter wind change a lot.
£¨¶¬ÌìÀïµÄ·ç£¬Å®×ÓµÄÐÄÐØ---±ä»¯Òì³££©
Women, wind and fortune are ever changing.
£¨Å®×Ó£¬·çÏòÓëÃüÔË£¬·­Ì츲µØÎÞ³£Ì¬£©
»é¼ÞÀà
 A fair face is half a portion.
 £¨×ËÉ«ÑÞ£¬¼Þ×±°ë£©
When the candles are out, all women are fair.
 £¨ÖòµÆϨ£¬ÎÞåûÅ®£©
Daughters and dead fish are no keeping wares.
£¨Å®´ó²»ÖÐÁô£©
Marry your son when you will, your daughter when you can.
£¨È¢Ï±²»Ã¦£¬¼ÞÅ®ÒËËÙ£©
There are many good women, it’s true; but they are in their graves.
£¨ÊÀÉϺÃŮʵÔڶ࣬¿Éϧ¶¼ÔÚ·ØÀïÎÔ£©
He that has a white horse and a fair wife never wants trouble.
£¨ÌÈÈôÆÞ¿¡Âí¿¡£¬Ò»ÊÀÄѵð²¾²£©
 ÐÔÇéÀà
Ò»´úÎĺÀɯʿ±ÈÑÇÔøÔÆ£º“ÈõÕߣ¬ÄãµÄÃû×ÖÊÇÅ®ÈË”£¨Frailty, your name is woman£© ÈõÅ®×ӵĵäÐÍÐÎÏóÌØÕ÷ÊÇ“ÀáË®Á°Á°”¡£
Woman is made to weep.
(Å®×ÓÉúÀ´ºÃ¿Þ)
Nothing dries so fast as a woman’s tears.
£¨Ò׸ɲ»¹ýÅ®×ÓÀᣩ
Woman is made of glass.
£¨Å®×ӴิÈõ£¬ÏóÊDz£Á§»õ£©
Glass and lasses are brittle wares.
£¨ÉÙÅ®Ä۴࣬´É±­Ò×Ë飩
£¨ËÄ£©Ö°ÒµÖеÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ
Ðí¶à±íʾְҵµÄÃû´Ê,Èçengineer ,pilot, scientist ,writer, doctor£¬pilot, scientist, engineer, pilotµÈ¶ÔÄÐÅ®¶¼ÊÊÓÃ,±¾À´ÊÇÖÐÐÔ´Ê»ã,±¾ÉíûÓÐÐÔµÄÇø±ð¡£“ÓÉÓÚÀúÊ·ÉÏÄÐÐÔ³¤ÆÚÕ¼¾ÝÉç»áÖ÷µ¼µØλ,ÈËÃÇÏ°¹ß°ÑËüÃÇÓëÄÐÐÔÁªÏµÆðÀ´¡£”[3] (P210)ÈçÒªÌرðָŮÐÔ´ÓÊÂÏàְͬҵʱ,ÍùÍùÔÚÇ°Ãæ¼ÓÉÏfemale, woman lady, ´Ó¶øʹŮÐÔÖ°ÒµÃû´ÊÔÚÍâÔÚµÄÐÎʽÉϳÊÏÖ³ö“ÓбêÖ¾ÐÔ”,Èçwoman doctor, female pilot, woman scientist, woman lawyerµÈ¡£¶øÐÐÒµÃû³Æ¹ÚÒÔÄÐÐÔ±ê¼Ç·´¶ø²»·ûºÏÓïÑÔÏ°¹ß,µ«Äб£Ä·¡¢Äл¤Ê¿³ýÍâ¡£Ö»ÓÐһЩµØλ½Ïµ×µÄÖ°Òµ,Èçnurse, secretaryµÈ,´«Í³ÉÏÈÃÈËÁªÏ뵽ŮÐÔ,¶øÓëÄÐÐÔÎÞÔµ¡£ÕâÖÖÏ°¹ß³ýÁËÓëÀúÊ·ºÍÏÖʵÓйØ,Ò²¿ÉÒÔ˵ÊÇÒ»ÖÖÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ¡£

¶þ¡¢Ó¢ÓïÓïÑÔÖÐÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÏÖÏó²úÉúµÄÔ­Òò
£¨Ò»£©¡¢ÀúÊ·Ô­Òò
ÔÚÎ÷·½ÎÄ»¯´«Í³ÖÐ,ÄÐÐÔÒ»Ö±±»ÈÏΪ¸»ÓÚ´´ÔìÁ¦¡£ÔÚ¡¶Ê¥¾­¡·Àï,´´ÔìÊÀ½çµÄÒ®ºÍ»ªÎªÄÐÐÔ,¶øÒ®ºÍ»ª´´ÔìµÄÑǵ±ÒàÊÇÄÐÐÔ,Ñǵ±µÄÆÞ×ÓÏÄÍÞÖ»²»¹ýÊÇÑǵ±Ò»ÌõÀ߹ǵÄÑÜ»¯Îï,ÕâÒ»´«Í³¹ÛÄî¾Í°Ñ´´ÔìÁ¦¹Ì¶¨ÔÚÄÐÈËÉíÉÏ,ºóÈ˱ãÓÐÁË“ÄÐÐÔµÄÌØÖÊÊÇ´´ÔìÁ¦µÄÌ츳”µÄ˵·¨¡£²¢ÇÒÔÚÊ¥¾­¡¶´´ÊÀ¼Í¡·¹ØÓÚÉϵÛÔìÈ˵ÄÉñ»°³ÉÁËÓïÑÔÆðԴѧ˵µÄÁªÏëÒÀ¾Ý¡£“ÔÚËûÃÇ¿´À´,¼ÈÈ»ÉϵÛÔìÁËÑǵ±ÕâÌìϵÚÒ»¸öÄÐÈË,ÓïÑÔÖеēÐÔ”·¶³ë¾ÍÓ¦½«ÑôÐÔÖÃÓÚÊ×λ¡£Èç¹û°ÑÁ½ÕßµÄ˳Ðòµßµ¹¹ýÀ´,¾Í²»·ûºÏÓïÑÔÏ°¹ß¡£ ” [4](P132)Ó¢ÓïÓï·¨²¢Ã»Óй涨“ÏÈÄкóÅ®”µÄÓïÐò,µ«ÈËÃÇÔÚ³¤ÆÚµÄÑÔÓïÏ°¹ßÖÐ,´ó¶¼ÒÔÄÐΪÏÈ,ŮΪºó,Å®ÐÔÖ»ÄÜÊǸúËæÔÚÄÐÐÔºóÃæµÄµÚ¶þÐÔ±ð¡£ÄÐÏÈÅ®ºóµÄÓïÐòÊÇÈç´Ë³£¼û,ÒÔÖÁÓÚ·´¹ýÀ´Èç˵woman and man ,she or heµÈÔò»áÁîÈ˸е½²»Ï°¹ß¡£
£¨¶þ£©¡¢Éç»áÔ­Òò
ÐÔ±ðÆçÊӵĸùÔ´¿ÉÒÔ×·Ëݵ½Ê·Ç°Ê±´úÄÐÅ®Ëù°çÑݵÄÐÔ±ð½ÇÉ«¡£ÓÉÓÚÄÐÐԵļ¡Èâ±ÈÅ®ÐÔ¼¡Èâ·¢´ï,ÓÖ²»ÉúÓý,ÓÚÊÇËûÃǵ£µ±Æð´òÁÔ¡¢¸û×÷µÄ½ÇÉ«,¸¾Å®ÌåÈõ¡¢ÒªÉúÓý,ËùÒÔ¸ºÔðÕչ˺¢×Ó¡¢ÁÏÀí¼ÒÍ¥¡¢²É¼¯Ê³ÎïµÈ¡£ÄÇʱ,ÄÐÅ®½ÇÉ«ËäÈ»²»Í¬,µ«»¹Ã»ÓÐÒ»·½¼ÛÖµ¸ßÓÚÁíÒ»·½µÄ¹ÛÄî¡£“Ëæ×ÅÉç»áÉú²úÁ¦µÄ²»¶Ï·¢Õ¹,ÄÐ×ÓÖð½¥´Óʸü¶àµÄÅ©ÒµÉú²ú»î¶¯,Õ¼¾ÝÁËÖ÷µ¼µØλ,¸¾Å®µÄµØλË湩¸øʳÎïÄÜÁ¦µÄ½µµÍ¶øϽµ¡£”[5](P113)µ½ÁËÖÐÊÀ¼ÍʱÆÚ,¸¾Å®ÓÉÓÚÄÜÉúÑøº¢×Ó,ÄÜΪÍÁµØËùÓÐÕßÉúÑøºÏ·¨¼Ì³ÐÈË,ËýÃdzÉÁ˵ØÖ÷ÕÉ·òµÄ±¦¹ó²Æ²ú¡£ÎªÁËʹ¸¾Å®´¦ÓÚÕâÑùµÄµØλ,ͳÖÎÕß±ã½èÖú·¨ÂÉÁîÅ®ÐÔÇü·þºÍÊÜÖÆÓÚÕÉ·ò,ÓÚÊÇ,¸÷ÖÖÔ¼Êø¸¾Å®µÄ¸÷ÖÖÉç»á¹æ·¶ºÍÏ°Ë׿ªÊ¼Ðγɡ£ÔÚÂþ³¤µÄ¸¸ÏµÉç»áÀï,¸¾Å®µØλµÍÏÂ,ÒÀ¸½ÄÐÐÔ,ÊÜÖÆÓÚÄÐÐÔ,ÕâÖÖ¹ÛÄîÖ𽥸ùÉîµÙ¹Ì,±»ÈËÃÇÊÓΪÀíËùµ±È»¡£Ö±µ½¶þÊ®ÊÀ¼Í,¸¾Å®µÄµØλÓÐÁ˺ܴóµÄ¸ÄÉÆ,µ«ÊÇÉç»á»¯Æ«¼ûÊÇÔÚÉç»á»¯µÄ¹ý³ÌÖУ¬Í¨¹ýÉç»áȺÌ壬¸¸Ä¸£¬Ç×ÓÑ£¬»ï°éµÄÑÔ´«Éí½ÌºÍ´óÖÚ´«Ã½£¨¹ã²¥£¬µçÓ°£¬µçÊÓ£¬±¨Ö½£©»ñµÃµÄ¡£ÈËÃǶÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆçÊÓºÍÆ«¼ûÒ²ÊÇ´Ó¸¸Ä¸£¬Ç×ÓÑ»òȺÌåµÄ½»ÍùÖÐÖ±½Ó»ñµÃµÄ£¬»òͨ¹ý´óÖÚ´«Ã½»ñµÃµÄ¡£ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÖУ¬ÊÜ´«Í³¹ÛÄîµÄÓ°Ï죬¶ÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÓïÑÔÆçÊÓÒѾ­³ÉΪÁËÒ»ÖÖ¶ñÐÔÑ­»·¡£±ÈÈ磬ÈËÃÇÒ»¿´µ½»òÌýµ½“virgin”ºÍ“prostitute”ÕâÁ½¸ö´Ê£¬Ê×ÏÈÏëµ½µÄ¾ÍÊÇ“´¦Å®”ºÍ“¼ËÅ®”µÄÒâ˼£¬¶øºÜÉÙÏëµ½ËüÃÇ»¹·Ö±ð¿ÉÓÃÓÚÖ¸“´¦ÄДºÍ“ÄÐæ½”¡£
£¨Èý£©¡¢ÉúÀíÔ­Òò
¼ÇµÄÓÐÈËдµÀ£ºÔÚÒ½ÔºµÄÓýÓ¤ÊÒÀÿ¸ö¸Õ³öÉúµÄÓ¤¶ùµÄС´²É϶¼ÓÐ˵Ã÷ÐÔ±ðµÄ±ê¼Ç£¬ÉÏÃæÇå³þд×Å£º“I am a boy”»ò“It is a girl”.ÕâÀïÄк¢µÄ³ÆºôÊÇI, ¶øÅ®º¢È´ÓÃit¡£ÔÚÓ¤¶ù»¹²»ÖªµÀʲôÊÇÓïÑÔʱ£¬¶øÔÚËûÃǵÄÉíÉÏÒÑÉîÉî´òÉÏÁËÎÄ»¯ºÍÓïÑÔµÄÓ¡¼Ç¡£ÔÚÓ¢ÓïÖÐÓÃÄÐÐÔÎïÖ÷´ú´ÊhisÖ¸´ú°üÀ¨Å®ÐÔÔÚÄÚµÄÈκÎÈ˵ÄÏÖÏóÒ²²»Ê¤Ã¶¾Ù¡£ÀýÈçHas everyone completed his assignment?»¹ÓÐEveryone should do his best on the exam.ÕâÀïµÄhisÒѾ­°üÀ¨ÁËÅ®ÐÔÔÚÄÚ¡£ËäȻŮÐÔÏíÓоÍÒµ¡¢Ñ¡¾Ù¡¢½ÌÓýµÈµÈͬÄÐÐÔÒ»ÑùµÄȨÀû,È»¶øÅ®ÐÔÈÔÈ»´¦ÓÚÉç»áµÄ±ßÔµ,±»ÈÏΪÊÇ“ÈõÕß”(the weaker sex)ºÍ“ËûÕß”(the other);ÄÐÐÔʼÖÕÕ¼¾ÝÖ÷µ¼µØλ¡£” [6](P210)¸ù¾Ý1980ÄêµÄÁªºÏ¹úͳ¼Æ,ÄÐÐÔÓµÓÐÊÀ½ç×ÊÔ´µÄ99%,¶øÅ®ÐÔÓµÓеÄ×ÊÔ´²»µ½1%¡£“Òò´Ë˵,¶ÔÅ®ÐÔµÄÆçÊÓÓëÆ«¼ûÓг¤ÆÚµÄÉç»áÀúÊ·¸ùÔ´¡£”[6](P219)
Èý¡¢Ïû³ýÓ¢ÓïÓïÑÔÖÐÐÔ±ðÆçÊӵķ½·¨
Ëæ×ÅÉç»áµÄ·¢Õ¹ºÍ¸¾Å®Éç»áµØλµÄ²»¶ÏÌá¸ß£¬ÓÈÆäÊÇËæ×ÅÃÀ¹úŮȨÔ˶¯µÄ¸ßÕÇ£¬Ïû³ýÓïÑÔÖеÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊӵĺôÉùÔ½À´Ô½¸ß¡£ÕâÆäÖкËÐÄÎÊÌâÓÐÁ½¸ö£ºÈçºÎÖ±½ÓÌÞ³ýÓïÑÔÖеÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ´Ê£¨sexist words£©£»ÈçºÎÏû³ýµÚÈýÈ˳ƴú´Ê·ºÖ¸¶øÒýÆðµÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÎÊÌâ¡£ÎÒÃÇ´ÓÓ¢ÓïÐÔ±ðÆçÊӴʵÄת»»·½Ê½ºÍÈçºÎÑ¡ÓÃÇ¡µ±µÄÈ˳ƴú´ÊÀ´Ïû³ýÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÎÊÌâµÄ¶Ô²ßÕ⼸¸ö·½ÃæÀ´½øÐнéÉܺÍÌÖÂÛ¡£
£¨Ò»£©¡¢ ÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ´Êת»»³ÉÎÞÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ´Ê£¨non-sexist words£©µÄ·½·¨
1 ¾¡Á¿Ê¹ÓÃÄÇЩ°üÀ¨Á½ÐÔÔÚÄڵĴʣ¬¼´ÎÞÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ´Ê£¬ÀýÈ磺immigrant, voter, officer, coach, church member, grandparent, employee, testee, patriot, customers, dealer, clerk, civilian, politician, tutor, etc.
2.ÒÔÒõÐÔ´Ê׺-ess, ette, rixºÍenne ½áβµÄ´ÊÒª±ÜÃâʹÓò¢¸Ä³ÉÎÞÐÔ±ðÆçÊӵĴÊ׺£º-or, an, er»òist¡£ÀýÈ磺actress →actor, administratrix →administrator ,suffragette →suffragist, usherette→ usher ,comedienne→ comedian .
3. дÐÅʱ£¬Èç¹û²»ÖªµÀÊÕÐÅÈ˵ľßÌåÐÔ±ðʱ£¬×îºÃ²»ÒªÊ¹Óô«Í³µÄDear Sir, Dear Gentleman, Dear Madam, ¿ÉÓù¤×÷Ö°³Æ´úÌæÒÔÃâ³öÏÖ²î´í¡£ÀýÈ磺Dear friends of the library, Dear Madams and Sirs, Dear personnel officer, Dear Committee Member, Dear Agent, Dear Director.
£¨¶þ£©¡¢¹æ±ÜµÚÈýÈ˳ƴú´Ê·ºÖ¸ËùÒýÆðµÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÎÊÌâµÄ¶Ô²ß
1.²ÉÓø´ÊýÐÎʽ
Sexist: When bathing a baby, never leave him unattended.
Revised: When bathing a baby, never leave them unattended.
2.ÓÃWe/us/our¸Äдԭ¾ä
Sexist: From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
Revised: From each of us according to our abilities, to each of us according to our needs.
3. ¸ÄÓõڶþÈ˳Æ
Sexist: No man knows his true character until he has run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
Revised: You don’t know what your true character is until you have run out of gas, purchased something on the installment plan and raised an adolescent.
4.¸ÄÓñ»¶¯Óï̬
Sexist: One who, when he has the choice of two evils, chooses both.
Revised: One who, when given the choice of two evils£¬chooses both.
5.Óà he and she/ his and her ,µ«ÊÇʹÓõĴÎÊý²»ÒËÌ«¶à£¬·ñÔò»áÔì³ÉÓôÊÀÛ׸¡£ s/he½ö½ö¿ÉÒÔÓÃÓÚ±¸Íü¼(memos)£¬±ãÌõ(notes)£¬»òÕß·ÇÕýʽµÄ½»Ì¸Ö®ÖС£
6.ÓÃÃû´Ê»òÉÏÏÂÎÄÖÐÓùýµÄͬÒå´ÊÌæ´ú
Sexist: To find a friend one must close one eye, to keep him, two.
Revised: To find a friend, one must close one eye, to keep a friend, two.
7.²ÉÓý»ÌæʹÓÃÑôÐÔºÍÒõÐÔÀ´´ïµ½Æ½ºâ
ÀýÈ磺A young child is often persuaded by advertisements to buy what he sees on television. When the child does shopping with a parent, she sees the product on the shelf, remembers it, and asks to have it.
£¨Èý£©¡¢Ó¢Óï½Ìѧ×÷ÓÃ
ÔÚÓ¢Óï½ÌѧÖÐÏòѧÉú´«ÊÚд´Á¢µÄÖÐÐÔ±í´ï·¨£¬Ñ§Ð£ºÍ½ÌʦÔÚÓïÑÔµÄÏ°µÃ¡¢ÎÄ»¯µÄ´«ÊÚÖÐÆð×Ų»¿ÉµÍ¹ÀµÄ×÷Ó᣸ıä¶ÔÅ®ÐԵķñ¶¨Ì¬¶È,ÓïÑԵĸĸïÒ²ÊÇÖØÒªµÄÒ»»·¡£ÓïÑÔ½ÌʦͬÑùÒ²¼ç¸º×ÅÒ»·ÝÉñÊ¥µÄʹÃü¡£ÔÚÓ¢ÓïѧϰÖÐ,½ÌʦÊ×ÏÈÒª¹æ·¶×Ô¼ºµÄÓïÑÔ,ÔÚ¿ÎÌÃÉϾ¡Á¿±ÜÃâ´øÓÐÐÔ±ðÆ«¼ûµÄÓï¾ä¡£È»ºó,½Ìʦ¸ù¾Ý½ÌѧÄÚÈÝ°ÑŮȨÔ˶¯ºóÓ¢ÓïÖгöÏÖµÄдʡ¢ÐÂÓ÷¨´«ÊÚ¸øѧÉú,ÓÐÒâʶµØ¼ÓÇ¿ÐÔ±ðƽµÈµÄ˼Ïë½ÌÓý,ÈÃѧÉúÁ˽âÓ¢Óï¹ú¼ÒµÄÉç»á±ä»¯¡¢ÓïÑÔ¶¯Ì¬¡£Ó¦¸ÃÇ¿µ÷¸¾Å®²»Ó¦¸Ã±»ºöÊÓ¡£Å®ÈËÃÇÿÌìÔÚÉú»îÖÐÈÔÈ»·¢»Óמ޴óµÄÓ°ÏìÁ¦¡£Ã»ÓÐÅ®È˾ÍûÓÐÄÐÈ˵ijɹ¦¡£Å®ÈËÃÇÓÃ×Ô¼ºµÄÖǻ۽߾¡È«Á¦Ê¹Ã¿¸ö¼ÒÍ¥Éú»î¸ü·á¸»¶à²Ê¡£

ËÄ¡¢½á¡¡¡¡ÂÛ
ÔÚʹÓÃÉÏÃæ̸µ½µÄ·½·¨¡¢¶Ô²ßʱ£¬ÎÒÃÇÒ»¶¨Òª°ÑÎÕÒ»¸ö“¶È”£¬¾ßÌåʹÓÃÄÇÒ»ÖÖ·½·¨¡¢¶Ô²ßҪȡ¾öÓÚËüÄÜ·ñʹÎÒÃǵÄд×÷¡¢»á»°Ë³Àû½øÐв¢´ïµ½Ô¤ÆÚµÄЧ¹û¡£“ÕýÈçÒÔÇ°Å®ÐÔÖ÷Òå˼Ïë¼ÒÈÏΪ,Å®ÐÔÓëÓïÑÔÊèԶ̫¾Ã,ÓëËýÃǵÄÅ®ÐÔ¾­ÑéÊèԶ̫¾Ã,ʹËýÃDz»Äܽ«×Ô¼ºµÄ¾­Àú·ûºÅ»¯¡£”[7] (P331)´«Í³µÄ±ê×¼¾ä·¨ºÍÈ·¶¨µÄÎÄÀ඼´ú±í¸¸È¨ÖÆ»°Óï½á¹¹¡£Òò´ËÅ®ÐÔÖ÷ÒåÊÔͼÕÒµ½ÐµÄÓïÑÔºÍеÄÎÄѧÐÎʽ¶ÔÅ®ÐÔÏÖʵ×ö³ö·´Ó³¡£ËýÃÇÅúÆÀ²¢¼¤Áҵظıä¼È´æÓïÑÔ,´óµ¨µØ½øÐд´×÷ʵÑé,ʹÓÃдʡ¢ÐÂƴд¡¢ÐÂÓï·¨½á¹¹¡¢ÐÂÒâÏóºÍÐÂÒþÓ÷ÒÔÔ¶À븸ȨÓïÑÔµÄȨÍþ½á¹¹,ΪŮÐÔÑ°ÇóһƬеĻ°Óï¿Õ¼ä¡£Å®ÐÔÖ÷ÒåµÄ¿ÚºÅÖ®Ò»¾ÍÊÇ“¸¾Å®Í¨¹ýÓïÑÔ»ñµÃÍêÈ«µÄ½â·Å”¡£¶øÇÒ£¬“ÓïÑÔÊÇÉç»áµÄÒ»Ãæ¾µ×Ó,ÓïÑÔÖÐËùÕÛÉä³öµÄÐÔ±ð²îÒìºÍÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÏÖÏó²¢²»ÊÇÓÉÓïÑÔ·ûºÅ±¾ÉíµÄ×ÔÈ»ÊôÐÔ¾ö¶¨µÄ,¶øÊÇÌض¨Éç»áµÄ¼ÛÖµ¹ÛÄîºÍÃñ×å˼ά·½Ê½ÔÚÓïÑÔÖеıØÈ»·´Ó³¡£”[8](P287)ÓïÑÔ±¾ÉíÊÇÖÐÐÔµÄ,µ«ÓïÑÔµÄʹÓÃÕßÈ´¿ÉÒÔ°´ÕÕÆäÉç»á¹ÛÄîºÍ¼ÛÖµ¹ÛÄî,¸³ÓèÓïÑÔÒ»¶¨µÄÓïÓÃÉ«²Ê¡£ÈôÒªÏû³ýÓïÑÔ°üÀ¨È˼ʳÆνϵͳÖеÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓÏÖÏó,Ê×ÏÈÐè¸ù³ýÉç»áÉÏ´æÔÚµÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ¹ÛÄî,ÓïÑԵıä¸ïÖ»ÓÐÔÚÉç»á±ä¸ïµÄ»ù´¡ÉϲÅÄÜ×îÖÕʵÏÖ¡£
´ÓÒÔÉÏÂÛÊö¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Å®ÐÔÒª»ñµÃ×ÔÉíµÄÕæÕý½â·ÅÓ벻ƽµÈÒª×ö²»Ð¸Å¬Á¦¡£ÓïÑÔ¶ÔÉç»áµÄ·´Ó³¾­ÀúÁËÂþ³¤µÄ¹ý³Ì¡£¾ÉµÄÆçÊÓÇå³ýÁË,еÄÆçÊÓ»¹»á·´Ó³µ½ÓïÑÔÖÐÀ´¡£ÓïÑÔÖÐÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓµÄÕæÕýÏû³ý,Ö»ÄܼÄÏ£ÍûÓÚÔÚÉç»áÏÖʵÖÐ,ÄÐÅ®ÕæÕýµÄƽµÈ¡£“Ë÷Ð÷¶ûÈÏΪÓïÑÔ²»½öÊǽ»¼Ê¹¤¾ß,»¹ÊÇ˼ÏëµÄÔØÌå,ûÓÐÓïÑÔ×÷ΪÔØÌåºÍ¹¤¾ß,È˵Ä˼άҲ¾ÍÎÞ·¨·¢Õ¹¡£”[9](P267)ÐÔ±ðÆçÊӵĸĹ۲»ÄܵȴýÄÐȨµÄÊ©Éá,ҪŮÐÔ×ÔÎҵľõÐÑ,ҪŮÐÔ×Ô¼ºµÄ²ÎÓë¡£ÔÚÇ¿ÊƺÍÈõÊÆÎÄ»¯µÄ½»»ãÖÐ,ͬÑùÐèÒªÈõÊÆÎÄ»¯×ÔÉíµÄŬÁ¦¡£Ç¿µ÷ÐÔ±ð²îÒìµÄÖØÒªÐÔÊDZØÒªµÄ,µ«ËüÖ»Êǹý¶ÉÐÔµÄ,Å®ÐÔ²»ÄÜÖ»×÷ΪŮÐÔ˵»°,ÄÐÐÔÒ²²»ÄÜÖ»×÷ΪÄÐÐÔ˵»°¡£Òª×ß³öÐÔÆçÊÓµÄÎóÇø,³ö·ÔÚÓÚÓïÑÔµÄÖÐÐÔ»¯,¶øʵÏÖÓïÑÔµÄÖÐÐÔ»¯,ÔÚÓÚ²»¶ÏÌá¸ßÓïÑÔ¾õÎò¡£Òò´Ë,“Å®ÐÔÔ˶¯ÒªÈ¡µÃʵÖÊÐԵĽøÕ¹,²»ÊÇÒÀ¿¿Å®ÐÔ×ÔÉí¾ÍÄÜÍê³ÉµÄ,²»½öÐèÒªÊÀ½ç·¶Î§ÄÚ¹ã´óÅ®ÐÔµÄÍŽá,¸üÐèҪѰÇó×÷ΪÈËÀàÁíÒ»°ëµÄÄÐÐÔµÄÖ§³ÖÓëÅäºÏ,Òò´Ë¸üÓбØÒª¼ÓÇ¿ÓëÄÐÐԵŵͨºÍЭÉÌ¡£”[10](P113)

²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×
[1] µËÑײý,ÁõÈóÇå.ÓïÑÔÓëÎÄ»¯[£Í].±±¾©:ÍâÓï½ÌѧÓëÑо¿³ö°æÉç,1989¡£
[2] ½¯¹ðºì.ÑèÓïÊÓÒ°ÀïµÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ[£Ê].Äþ²¨´óѧѧ±¨, 2004, µÚ1ÆÚ¡£
[3] Ö첮ͨµÈÒë.¸çÂ×±ÈÑÇÃÀ¹úÎÄѧʷ[£Í].³É¶¼:ËÄ´¨´ÇÊé³ö°æÉç,1994¡£
[4] Ä·ïÁ¼,ÀîÐãƼ.Ó¢ÓïÖеÄÐÔÆçÊÓÓëÖÐÐÔ»¯[£Ê].ÍâÓïÓëÍâÓï½Ìѧ,1998¡£
[6] ÈÕÑſ˕¬Ëó. ºéÌÎÒë.ÂÛÓïÑÔµÄÆðÔ´[£Í].ÉϺ£:ÉϺ£ÈËÃñ³ö°æÉç,2003¡£
[7] ÍõµÂ´º,ËïÈ꽨,Ò¦Ô¶.Éç»áÐÄÀíÓïÑÔѧ[£Í].ÉϺ£:ÉϺ£ÍâÓï½ÌÓý³ö°æÉç,1995¡£
[8] °Ø×ÓÃ÷.Ó¢ÓïÖеÄÐÔ±ðÆçÊÓ¼°Å®È¨Ô˶¯¶ÔÓ¢ÓïµÄÓ°Ïì[£Ê].ËÄ´¨ÍâÓïѧԺѧʽ»¯±¨,1999¡£
[9](ÃÀ)°£À³ÄȕФÍ߶ûÌØ.×ßÏòŮȨÖ÷Òåʫѧ.¡¶ÐÂŮȨÅúÆÀ¡·¼°ÐòÑÔ[£Í].ŦԼ:ÅËÐÞ¶÷ͼÊ鹫˾,1987¡£
[10]ÖìÔ¾.ÂÛÓ¢Óï´ÊÒåµÄ±ä»¯ºÍʹÓÃËù·´Ó³³öµÄ¶Ô¸¾Å®ÐÔ±ðµÄÆçÊÓÏÖÏó[£Ê].ËÄ´¨ÍâÓïѧԺ,1995¡£


°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³Ç×îºÃÍæ-Ò»°ãÈ¥°ÄÃÅÄĸö¶Ä³ÇÍæ-welcome*

Ëæ»úÔĶÁTODAY'S FOCUS